.investment-book{--ib-g:#c8a45d;--ib-n:#0f2d5c;--ib-i:#f5efe4;--ib-ui:"Public Sans", sans-serif;--ib-hd:"Libre Baskerville", "Libre Baskerville Fallback", Georgia, serif;color:var(--ib-i);font-family:var(--ib-ui);background:#050c1c;min-height:100vh}.investment-book[data-lang=ar]{--ib-ui:"Thmanyah Sans", "Noto Sans Arabic", "Public Sans", sans-serif;--ib-hd:"Thmanyah Serif Display", "Noto Kufi Arabic", "Noto Sans Arabic", sans-serif}.investment-book *,.investment-book :before,.investment-book :after{box-sizing:border-box}.investment-book button,.investment-book a{font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.investment-book :focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ib-g);outline-offset:3px}.investment-book .ib-sro{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.investment-book .ib-page-shell{max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;padding:38px 24px 0}.investment-book .ib-back-link{color:#f5efe4b8;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-height:40px;font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;transition:color .16s;display:inline-flex}.investment-book .ib-back-link:hover{color:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-back-link span{transform:scaleX(-1)}.investment-book .ib-intro{text-align:center;max-width:980px;margin:28px auto 34px}.investment-book .ib-overline{color:var(--ib-g);letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:11px;margin:0;font:11px/1.4 JetBrains Mono,monospace;display:flex}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-overline{font:13px/1.6 var(--ib-ui);letter-spacing:0}.investment-book .ib-overline span{background:var(--ib-g);width:24px;height:1px;display:block}.investment-book .ib-intro h1{color:var(--ib-i);font:400 clamp(34px, 5vw, 52px)/1.12 var(--ib-hd);letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:16px 0 10px}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-intro h1{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.3}.investment-book .ib-intro-subtitle{color:#f5efe4d6;font:400 clamp(18px, 2vw, 22px)/1.5 var(--ib-hd);margin:0}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-intro-subtitle{font-family:var(--ib-ui)}.investment-book .ib-intro-description,.investment-book .ib-intro-summary{color:#f5efe4a8;max-width:680px;margin:14px auto 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}.investment-book .ib-jump-link{min-height:44px;color:var(--ib-g);text-underline-offset:4px;border:1px solid #c8a45d73;border-radius:4px;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-block:12px 0;padding:6px 12px;font-size:13px;display:inline-flex}.investment-book .ib-jump-link:hover{background:#c8a45d1a}.investment-book .ib-jump-link:focus-visible,.investment-book .ib-book:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ib-g);outline-offset:4px}.investment-book .ib-book{scroll-margin-block-start:8rem}.investment-book[data-enhanced=true] .back-to-top{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;margin:16px auto 24px;position:static;transform:none}.investment-book .ib-notice{border:1px solid #c8a45d42;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--ib-g);color:#f5efe4c7;text-align:start;max-width:820px;margin:20px auto 0;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources{text-align:start;background:linear-gradient(115deg,#0f2d5c73,#050c1cb8);border:1px solid #c8a45d4d;max-width:900px;margin:22px auto 0;padding:16px 18px}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources h2{color:var(--ib-g);font:600 14px/1.5 var(--ib-ui);margin:0 0 12px}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources ul{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px 22px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources li{border-bottom:1px solid #f5efe41a;min-width:0;padding:6px 0}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources a{color:var(--ib-g);text-underline-offset:3px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #c8a45d8c;text-decoration:underline #c8a45d8c;display:inline-block}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources li>span{color:#f5efe494;margin-top:2px;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.55;display:block}.investment-book .ib-reading-help{color:#f5efe4b3;text-align:start;max-width:900px;margin:12px auto 0;font-size:12.5px}.investment-book .ib-reading-help summary{color:#f5efe4ad;cursor:pointer;text-underline-offset:3px;padding:6px 0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #f5efe452;text-decoration:underline #f5efe452;display:inline-block}.investment-book .ib-reading-help p{max-width:760px;margin:4px 0 0;line-height:1.7}.investment-book .ib-main{padding:0 24px 56px}.investment-book .ib-frame{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0f2d5ccc,#050c1cf0);border:1px solid #c8a45d57;max-width:1280px;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(10px,1.5vw,20px);box-shadow:0 28px 70px #00000061,inset 0 1px #f5efe414}.investment-book .ib-book{perspective:2600px;touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;background:#e9e0cf;height:clamp(620px,76svh,720px);display:flex;position:relative}.investment-book .ib-page{backface-visibility:hidden;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;height:100%;min-height:0;line-height:1.65;display:flex;position:relative}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-page{line-height:1.95}.investment-book .ib-page-content{scrollbar-gutter:stable;flex:1;min-height:0;padding:clamp(26px,4vw,56px) clamp(22px,4vw,54px) 20px;position:relative;overflow-y:auto}.investment-book .ib-text{background:var(--ib-i);color:var(--ib-n)}.investment-book .ib-visual{color:var(--ib-i);background:linear-gradient(145deg,#0f2d5c,#091a37 78%)}.investment-book .ib-page[data-book-page="0"]{box-shadow:inset -22px 0 30px -24px #0009}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-page[data-book-page="0"],.investment-book .ib-page[data-book-page="1"]{box-shadow:inset 22px 0 30px -24px #0009}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-page[data-book-page="1"]{box-shadow:inset -22px 0 30px -24px #0009}.investment-book .ib-kicker{letter-spacing:.24em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#80602a;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:11px}.investment-book .ib-visual .ib-kicker{color:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-kicker{letter-spacing:0;font-size:13px}.investment-book .ib-chapter-title,.investment-book .ib-visual-title,.investment-book .ib-cover-title,.investment-book .ib-timeline b,.investment-book .ib-checklist li:before,.investment-book .ib-steps li:before{font-family:var(--ib-hd);font-weight:400}.investment-book .ib-chapter-title{margin:0 0 22px;font-size:clamp(23px,2.5vw,32px);line-height:1.3}.investment-book .ib-visual-title{color:var(--ib-g);margin:0 0 18px;font-size:20px}.investment-book .ib-text p{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:15.5px}.investment-book[data-lang=en] .ib-chapter-title+p:first-letter{font-family:var(--ib-hd);float:inline-start;color:#a8843d;margin:6px 10px 0 0;font-size:3.1em;line-height:.9}.investment-book .ib-warn{border-top:1px solid var(--ib-g);padding-top:12px;font-weight:600;font-size:13.5px!important}.investment-book .ib-folio{text-align:center;opacity:1;letter-spacing:.2em;flex-shrink:0;padding:16px 54px 20px;font-size:11px;display:block}.investment-book .ib-cover{text-align:center;isolation:isolate;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;min-height:100%;padding:clamp(18px,2vw,30px);display:flex;position:relative}.investment-book .ib-cover:before{content:"";z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;background:radial-gradient(at 50% 15%,#c8a45d1a,#0000 48%);border:1px solid #c8a45d85;position:absolute;inset:0}.investment-book .ib-symbol{width:84px;height:84px;margin:0 auto 14px}.investment-book .ib-wordmark{letter-spacing:.5em;color:var(--ib-g);margin:0 0 30px;font-size:12px}.investment-book .ib-cover-title{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:clamp(24px,2.6vw,34px);line-height:1.3}.investment-book .ib-cover-sub{opacity:.85;margin:0 0 30px}.investment-book .ib-cover-dl{text-align:start;border-top:1px solid #c8a45d66;margin:0}.investment-book .ib-cover-dl div{border-bottom:1px solid #f5efe422;grid-template-columns:110px 1fr;gap:10px;padding:9px 0;font-size:13.5px;display:grid}.investment-book .ib-cover-dl dt{color:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book .ib-cover-dl dd{margin:0}.investment-book .ib-timeline{border-inline-start:1px solid #c8a45d88;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.investment-book .ib-timeline li{padding:0 0 18px;padding-inline-start:22px;position:relative}.investment-book .ib-timeline li:before{content:"";inset-inline-start:-5px;background:var(--ib-g);border-radius:50%;width:9px;height:9px;position:absolute;top:8px}.investment-book .ib-timeline li:last-child:before{background:var(--ib-n);border:1px solid var(--ib-g)}.investment-book .ib-timeline b{color:var(--ib-g);font-size:19px;display:block}.investment-book .ib-timeline strong{display:block}.investment-book .ib-timeline span{opacity:.88;font-size:13.5px}.investment-book .ib-roles>div{border:1px solid #c8a45d55;margin-bottom:14px;padding:14px 18px}.investment-book .ib-role-0{border-color:var(--ib-g);background:#c8a45d17}.investment-book .ib-role-2{border-style:dashed;margin-top:28px}.investment-book .ib-roles h4{color:var(--ib-g);margin:0 0 6px;font-weight:600}.investment-book .ib-roles p{margin:0;font-size:13.5px}.investment-book .ib-checklist,.investment-book .ib-steps{counter-reset:ib-c;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.investment-book .ib-checklist li{counter-increment:ib-c;border-bottom:1px solid #f5efe41f;grid-template-columns:34px 1fr;gap:6px;padding:8px 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.5;display:grid}.investment-book .ib-checklist li:before,.investment-book .ib-steps li:before{content:counter(ib-c, decimal-leading-zero);color:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book .ib-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px 18px;display:grid}.investment-book .ib-steps li{counter-increment:ib-c;border-top:1px solid var(--ib-g);padding-top:10px}.investment-book .ib-steps b{margin-top:4px;display:block}.investment-book .ib-steps span{opacity:.88;font-size:13.5px}.investment-book .ib-fic{color:var(--ib-g);margin:22px 0 0;font-size:12.5px}.investment-book .ib-sources{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.investment-book .ib-sources li{border-bottom:1px solid #f5efe41f;padding:10px 0}.investment-book .ib-sources a,.investment-book .ib-cta{color:var(--ib-g);font-weight:600}.investment-book .ib-sources span{font-size:13px;display:block}.investment-book .ib-sources small{opacity:.7;font-size:11.5px}.investment-book .ib-cta{border:1px solid var(--ib-g);margin-top:20px;padding:10px 16px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}.investment-book .ib-excerpt{border-inline-start:3px solid var(--ib-g);margin:20px 0;padding-inline-start:16px}.investment-book .ib-excerpt blockquote{margin:0;font-style:normal}.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-legal-text,.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-lead-in,.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-scope{white-space:pre-line;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:16px}.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-lead-in{color:var(--ib-n);font-weight:600}.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-scope{opacity:.9;font-style:normal}.investment-book .ib-original{margin:10px 0;font-size:14px}.investment-book .ib-original summary{color:var(--ib-n);cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.investment-book .ib-original blockquote{margin-top:8px;line-height:1.9}.investment-book .ib-source{opacity:.85;margin:8px 0;font-size:12.5px}.investment-book .ib-source a{color:var(--ib-n);text-decoration:underline}.investment-book .ib-controls{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:10px 22px;margin:22px 0 10px;display:flex}.investment-book .ib-nav-btn{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;color:var(--ib-i);background:#0f2d5ca8;border:1px solid #f5efe42e;border-radius:5px;padding:9px 15px;transition:color .15s,border-color .15s,background .15s}.investment-book .ib-nav-btn:hover{border-color:var(--ib-g);background:#c8a45d1a}.investment-book .ib-nav-btn:disabled{opacity:.3;cursor:default}.investment-book .ib-status{letter-spacing:.18em;text-align:center;min-width:150px;color:var(--ib-g);margin:0;font-size:12px}.investment-book .ib-reading-mode[aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--ib-g);color:var(--ib-g);background:#c8a45d1a}.investment-book .ib-toc{justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.investment-book .ib-toc-label{color:#f5efe49e;margin-inline-end:6px;font-size:11px}.investment-book .ib-toc a{color:var(--ib-i);border:1px solid #f5efe433;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:44px;height:44px;font-size:11px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.investment-book .ib-toc a[aria-current=location]{border-color:var(--ib-g);color:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book .ib-corners{z-index:3;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0}.investment-book .ib-corner{pointer-events:auto;background:#c8a45d55;border:0;width:54px;height:54px;position:absolute;bottom:0}.investment-book .ib-corner:hover,.investment-book .ib-corner:focus-visible{background:var(--ib-g)}.investment-book .ib-corner-next{clip-path:polygon(100% 0,100% 100%,0 100%);inset-inline-end:0}.investment-book .ib-corner-prev{clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 100%,0 100%);inset-inline-start:0}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-corner-prev{clip-path:polygon(100% 0,100% 100%,0 100%)}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-corner-next{clip-path:polygon(0 0,100% 100%,0 100%)}.investment-book .ib-footer{opacity:.85;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:16px;max-width:1120px;margin:24px auto 0;padding:16px clamp(16px,4vw,48px);font-size:13px;display:flex}.investment-book .ib-footer a{color:var(--ib-g);text-decoration:none}.investment-book .ib-controls{background:#050c1c94;border:1px solid #f5efe41a;border-radius:7px;max-width:1060px;margin:18px auto 10px;padding:12px}.investment-book .ib-toc{padding:8px 0 0}.investment-book .ib-toc a{border-color:#f5efe42e;border-radius:4px;transition:border-color .15s,color .15s,background .15s}.investment-book .ib-toc a:hover{border-color:#c8a45db3}.investment-book [hidden]{display:none!important}.investment-book[data-enhanced=true] .ib-page[data-hidden=true]{display:none}@media (width<=860px){.investment-book .ib-page-shell{padding:26px 20px 0}.investment-book .ib-intro{margin:22px auto 26px}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources{padding:13px 14px}.investment-book .ib-primary-sources ul{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px}.investment-book .ib-main{padding:0 14px 40px}.investment-book .ib-book{perspective:none;height:auto;display:block}.investment-book .ib-page{flex:none;width:100%;height:auto;min-height:0}.investment-book .ib-page-content{scrollbar-gutter:auto;flex:auto;height:auto;min-height:0;padding-block-end:10px;overflow:visible}.investment-book .ib-folio{padding-block:12px 18px}.investment-book .ib-page[data-book-page="0"],.investment-book .ib-page[data-book-page="1"]{box-shadow:none!important}.investment-book .ib-frame{padding:6px}.investment-book .ib-controls{gap:8px;padding:10px 8px}.investment-book .ib-toc{flex-wrap:wrap}.investment-book .ib-toc-label{text-align:center;flex-basis:100%;margin:0 0 2px}.investment-book .ib-nav-btn{padding:9px 11px}.investment-book .ib-status{order:-1;min-width:100%}.investment-book .ib-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.investment-book *{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}@media print{.investment-book .ib-page[hidden],.investment-book .ib-page[data-hidden=true]{display:flex!important}.investment-book .ib-book{height:auto;display:block}.investment-book .ib-page{page-break-after:always;height:auto;overflow:visible;box-shadow:none!important}.investment-book .ib-page-content{padding:24px;overflow:visible}.investment-book .ib-folio{margin-top:12px;position:static}.investment-book .ib-controls,.investment-book .ib-corners,.investment-book .ib-toc,.investment-book .ib-footer,.investment-book .skip-link{display:none!important}.investment-book .ib-excerpt .ib-original{display:block!important}}.investment-book:not([data-enhanced=true]) .ib-book,.investment-book[data-reading=true] .ib-book{height:auto;display:block}.investment-book:not([data-enhanced=true]) .ib-page,.investment-book[data-reading=true] .ib-page{height:auto;margin-block-end:16px}.investment-book:not([data-enhanced=true]) .ib-page-content,.investment-book[data-reading=true] .ib-page-content{flex:auto;overflow:visible}.investment-book .ib-page-content{overflow-wrap:anywhere;overscroll-behavior-x:none}.investment-book .ib-corner:disabled{display:none}.investment-book[data-lang=ar] .ib-arrow{display:inline-block;transform:scaleX(-1)}.investment-book .ib-quote-label{margin-block-end:10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.investment-book .ib-arabic-quote{font-family:Thmanyah Serif Display,Thmanyah Sans,serif;line-height:1.95}.investment-book .ib-english-quote{font-family:Libre Baskerville,Georgia,serif}.investment-book .ib-original summary{padding-block:8px}.investment-book .ib-source{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-family:var(--ib-ui)}.investment-book .ib-page-content:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px}.investment-book .ib-page{scroll-margin-block-start:24px}@media print{.investment-book,.investment-book .ib-page,.investment-book .ib-frame{color:#0f2d5c!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:#fff!important}.investment-book .ib-book{height:auto!important;display:block!important}.investment-book .ib-page[hidden],.investment-book .ib-page{-moz-column-break-after:page;break-after:page;height:auto!important;display:block!important}.investment-book .ib-page-content{display:block;height:auto!important;overflow:visible!important}.investment-book .ib-original::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.investment-book .ib-header,.investment-book .site-header,.investment-book .cta-footer,.investment-book .back-to-top,.investment-book .skip-link{display:none!important}}